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Fig. 3.

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Time-averaged GRRT images of MAD simulations with a black hole spin of a = 0.9375 at 230 GHz and an inclination angle of 60°. From top to bottom: the eDF models using thermal, fixed κ = 3.5, and variable κ, respectively. From left to right: electron heating prescriptions using reconnection heating, turbulent heating, and the R − β model with Rh = 1 and Rh = 160, respectively. The dashed white contour indicates the curve with 1% of the maximum flux. The time-averaged total flux is 0.5 Jy from t = 14 000 to 15 000 M at 163°.

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