Summary of the modeling in our analysis. We characterized the UV volume emissivity ϵ(ν, z) based on Eqs. (3)–(6) (panel 1). Emissions from different z contribute to the EBL (panel 2, the dots show λ_rest = 1500 Å; the Lyα line is in absorption at low z), which is weighted by the detector response function in the broadband observation in Eq. (10) (panel 3). The CBR allowed us to reconstruct b_J(z)dJ_νobs/dz in Eqs. (11) and (13) (panel 4). This figure is inspired by Chiang et al. (2019).