Comparative study of kilonova opacities for three elements of the sixth period (hafnium, osmium, and gold) from new atomic structure calculations in Hf I–IV, Os I–IV, and Au I–IV

Open Access

Fig. 2

Comparison between full set of HFR energy levels calculated using physical models of present work (in black) and HFR energy levels obtained using physical models considered by Tanaka et al. (2020) (in blue) for Os II between 120 000 and 138 000 cm⁻¹. The red line corresponds to the ionization potential taken from the NIST database (Kramida et al. 2023).

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