Structure of the underlying Venusian upper atmosphere used in our model calculations, appropriate for the dayside averaged condition at solar minimum. Left: density profiles of 10 background species (CO₂, O, CO, N₂, N, He, O₂, H₂, H, and Ar). For comparison, we also show the H₂ density profile adopted by FS01 for solar minimum, which presents the most pronounced distinction from our choice among all species. Right: neutral, ion, and electron temperature profiles (denoted as T_n, T_i, and T_e, respectively).