Same as Fig. 1, but the ionisation rate is estimated using the new formulation of the CWT98 method presented in Appendix B, summarised in Eq. (B.6). Note that the ζ₂ values are normalised to 10⁻¹³ s⁻¹ in all panels. The median (± median uncertainty) is reported in the top-right corner and shown with the vertical dashed line and shaded area in each panel. The reference run is labelled with "Ref" in the bottom-right corner.