Performance analysis of Ormel’s model for the traditional scheme and the bucketing scheme with boosted dynamical friction and viscous stirring. Left column: ϵ = 0 (no fragmentation); right column: ϵ = 0.01 (rubble pile model). In the top panels, the dashed lines show fitted curves for simplified cost models linear and quadratic in n, and an additional ad hoc fit with a n^2/3 proportionality. The solid lines show the runtime for the event-averaged number of representative particles. For each tested configuration (solid horizontal lines), the initial number of representative particles (circle) and the maximum number of representative particles in the simulation (right arrow) are indicated. The bottom panels show the average number of occupied buckets for each of the simulation parameter sets.