Average ratio between the galaxy velocity dispersion and the galaxy radial velocity, as a function of cluster-centric radius. The blue, orange, green, and red solid curves show the ratio at four redshifts z = 0.01, 0.31, 0.62, and 1.04, respectively. The dashed curves show the smoothed correspondingly colored solid curves. The horizontal dash-dotted line shows σ_v/v_rad = −1. The vertical dotted lines show R_σv corresponding to σ_v(r)/v_rad(r) = − 1 from smoothed profiles.