Multi-head HSA mechanism. Left panel: HSA mechanism, corresponding to the blue box in the right panel (multi-head HSA). In this mechanism, Q, K, and V, represent the query, key, and value, respectively, and were obtained by applying different linear projections to the input, and their dimensions are all d^* = 64 in this paper. Softmax is a mathematical function that converts a vector of numbers into a vector of probabilities. ⊙ represents the Hadamard Product. Scale is used to scale the calculated attention scores. Enhanced softmax is an improved version of the softmax function proposed by us. In the right panel, the linear layer represents a linear projection, X represents the input, and different Q_i, K_i, V_i are obtained through the linear layer, where i indicates the index of the “head”. The “Concat” operation concatenates features from different heads and then the final result is output through the linear layer.