Table 1
Reconstruction results: MSE, peak S/N, and SSIM metrics computed on preprocessed sky models for different diffusion settings.
| Normalization | Aggregation | Metrics (± uncertainty) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MSE(×10−5) | Peak S/N | SSIM | ||
| γ = 1 | single run | 5.276 ± 0.138 | 38.031 ± 1.152 | 0.977 ± 0.002 |
| mean | 4.232 ± 0.333 | 42.243 ± 9.475 | 0.998 ± 0.001 | |
| median | 3.941 ± 0.354 | 41.587 ± 9.156 | 0.998 ± 0.001 | |
| γ = 2 | single run | 1.492 ± 0.146 | 38.999 ± 0.097 | 0.830 ± 0.003 |
| mean | 1.189 ± 0.604 | 41.251 ± 0.206 | 0.853 ± 0.003 | |
| median | 1.190 ± 0.605 | 42.148 ± 0.260 | 0.882 ± 0.003 | |
| γ = 10 | single run | 1.668 ± 0.171 | 36.784 ± 0.464 | 0.814 ± 0.004 |
| mean | 1.183 ± 0.592 | 38.008 ± 2.263 | 0.835 ± 0.005 | |
| median | 1.185 ± 0.586 | 38.386 ± 2.550 | 0.862 ± 0.005 | |
| γ = 20 | single run | 2.264 ± 0.242 | 35.105 ± 0.793 | 0.892 ± 0.006 |
| mean | 1.431 ± 0.645 | 37.457 ± 4.474 | 0.929 ± 0.011 | |
| median | 1.442 ± 0.643 | 37.651 ± 4.807 | 0.955 ± 0.008 | |
| γ = 30 | single run | 2.820 ± 0.313 | 32.944 ± 1.086 | 0.985 ± 0.002 |
| mean | 1.553 ± 0.750 | 34.844 ± 4.585 | 0.985 ± 0.008 | |
| median | 1.569 ± 0.735 | 34.693 ± 4.906 | 0.988 ± 0.007 | |
Notes. We varied the power root used in the normalization during training (Eq. (1)) and the aggregation method (mean, median over 20 runs, or single run). Single run signifies that the DDPM is run once for a given condition to get the predicted sky model. We evaluate performance on each run individually and then calculate the average score over all 20 runs. The error is calculated by taking the standard deviation over all outputs for the test set for aggregation methods, and over all runs to get a single run score. Italic font indicates the optimal metric value across all conducted experiments.
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