Feature maps extracted by the SS-3D-Clump model from molecular clump-positive samples at each training epoch are shown. The figure displays the variations of four feature maps over 16 epochs. The bottom-left subplot represents background noise information. The top-right subplot captures the intensity of the molecular clump, reaching an integrated intensity of approximately 40 after 16 epochs, while the other three feature maps have intensities of around 10. The bottom-right subplot may contain directional information in the l − b direction. The top-left subplot includes the main components of the molecular clump and background noise.