Features extracted from the SS-3D-Clump model for positive samples of molecular clump are shown. The left subplot represents the integrated map of the molecular clump in l − b. The middle four subplots arranged in a 2 × 2 grid depict the feature maps obtained after the ‘Stem’ feature extraction in the SS-3D-Clump model (16 feature maps, with four shown here). These feature maps capture the main components of the molecular clump and background noise. The right side exhibits 32 subplots showing the features extracted through the ‘ResB 1’ operation in the SS-3D-Clump model.