Medians and associated errors of ς as a function of redshift in ΛCDM (blue points) and fR4 (orange points) for the low- (top panel), intermediate- (middle panel), and high-mass (bottom panel) samples. We applied small redshift offsets to the fR4 points to facilitate comparison. The black (red) lines are the fits of Eq. (4) to the ΛCDM (fR4) points: specifically, the curves are the result of a spline interpolation of the values of ς (11 for the low- and intermediate-mass bin, 4 for the high-mass bin) resulting from Eq. (4) using the redshift, mass, and mass accretion rate of each simulated bin (Table 1). In each panel, the lower plot shows the differences of the median ςs in ΛCDM and fR4 relative to the ΛCDM value.