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Table 2.
Parameters characterizing the scenarios.
| Parameter | Symbol (a) | Value | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| – General – | |||
| Distance to the tip of the object | L | 60 kpc | Fig. 1 |
| Width of the object | 2r⋆ | 2 kpc | Fig. 1 |
| Stellar mass of the 2nd galaxy | 7 × 109 M⊙ | Fig. 1; vD23 | |
| Stellar mass of the object | 3 × 109 M⊙ | Fig. 1; vD23 | |
| Redshift of the object | 1 | vD23 | |
| Tolerance in the TFR | Δlog Vmax | 0.1 dex | Sánchez Almeida et al. (2023) |
| Present age of the Universe | tH | 13.5 Gyr | |
| – Runaway SMBH – | |||
| Star formation efficiency | 1 Gyr−1 | Leroy et al. (2008) | |
| Age of the stellar trail | 39 Myr | vD23 | |
| Gas mass needed to form the object | Mg | 7.7 × 1010 M⊙ | Sect. 2.2 |
| Sound speed | cs | 10 km s−1 | Sect. 2.2 |
| Temperature of the gas | 104 K | Sect. 2.2 | |
| Jeans length | λJ | 5 × 10−2 kpc | Sect. 2.2 |
| Free fall time in the halo of the host | tfila | 150 Myr | Sect. 2.2 |
| Number of big filaments per galaxy | nfila | 2 | Sect. 2.2 |
| Mass of the SMBH | M• | 7 × 106 M⊙ | Sect. 2.3; vD23 |
| Velocity of the SMBH | v | 1600 km s−1 | vD23 |
| Width of the wake | 2d | 2 kpc | Fig. 2, with d = r⋆ |
| Distance SMBH to gas clouds | dmin | 1 kpc | dmin = r⋆; Eq. (9) |
| Density of the gas | ρ | 7 × 10−25 g cm−3 | Sects. 2.2 and 2.3 |
| Bondi–Hoyle–Lyttleton accretion radius | Racc | 2.3 × 10−2 pc | Eq. (10) |
| Galaxies without stellar trail | Nno | 1.5 × 106 | SDSS, Ahn et al. (2012) |
| Thermal velocity of the gas | vther | ∼7 km s−1 | Sect. 2.4 |
| Scape velocity from the 2nd galaxy | vesc | ∼400 km s−1 | Sect. 2.4 |
| – Bulgeless edge-on galaxy – | |||
| Radius of the edge-on disk | Ra | 25 kpc | Figs. 1 and 3 |
| Full width of the edge-on disk | Wa | 2 kpc | Wa = 2r⋆; Sect. 3 |
| Number surface density of galaxies | Σg | > 1 Mpc−2 | Sect. 3 |
| Full width of the 2nd galaxy | Wb | 6 kpc | Wb = 3Wa; Fig. 3b |
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