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Table 1.
Evaluated probabilities.
| Symbol | Value | Equation | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| P3• | < 2.5 × 10−2 | (4) | Probability that a galaxy has 3 SMBHs orbiting each other at any time |
| Peject | 10−3 | (3) | Probability that the 3 SMBHs are ejected from the galaxy |
| Pfila | 2.2 × 10−2 | (6) | Probability that the galaxy has a massive radial gas filament |
| Pshot | 6.9 × 10−5 | (7) | Probability that the SMBH is shot right along the axis of the existing filament |
| Punst | < 3.0 × 10−5 | (13) | Probability that the passage of the SMBH triggers star formation in the filament |
| PTFR1 | < 5.7 × 10−2 | (14) | Probability that the formed stars are on the TFR |
| PSMBH | < 6 × 10−17 | (1) (2) | Overall probability of the runaway SMBH scenario |
| Pbl | ≳0.2 | (17) | Probability for a galaxy to be bulgeless |
| Peo | 8 × 10−2 | (18) | Probability for a disk galaxy to be observed edge-on |
| PD | ≳3 × 10−2 | (19) | Probability of having a second galaxy close enough |
| Palign | 2.9 × 10−2 | (20) | Probability of having the second galaxy along the major axis of the projected disk |
| PTFR2 | 1 | (16) | Probability that the formed stars are on the TFR |
| Pgalax | ≳1.4 × 10−5 | (15) (21) | Overall probability of the edge-on galaxy scenario |
| Ns | ∼2 × 108 | Number of galaxies in the largest existing surveys (a) | |
| NsPSMBH | 1.2 × 10−8 | Expected number of objects in the SMBH scenario | |
| NsPgalax | 1.4 × 104 | Expected number of objects in the edge-on galaxy scenario | |
| NU | ∼2 × 1012 | Expected number of galaxies in the visible Universe (b) | |
| NUPSMBH | 1.2 × 10−4 | Expected number of objects in the SMBH scenario | |
| NUPgalax | 1.4 × 108 | Expected number of objects in the edge-on galaxy scenario |
Notes.
(a)
For example, the Dark Energy Survey described by Abbott et al. (2021).
(b)
Up to redshift eight, according to Conselice et al. (2016).
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