Ratio of output and true parameters to the true dust parameters of the GMBB mock-generated catalog of sources. The median within each bin is shown as a black filled square, an empty square, and an empty circle for the results fitted with GMBB-Sizes, GMBB-Lambda, and the MBB, respectively, with the error bars representing the standard deviation within each bin. With the z-GAL sampling, β is recovered very well with all methods. Fitting with GMBB-Sizes can overestimate the inferred luminosity by ∼10%–15% due to an unrecovered source size (see Sect. 5.1). Fitting with GMBB-Lambda can overestimate the dust temperatures by 10%−20% and consequently the dust masses become underestimated by up to 40%. When fitting with MBB, the dust temperatures can be underestimated by 20%−30% and consequently the dust masses become overestimated by up to 75%.