Example of a type II spectrum that shows a single range of close-to-IK scaling across the full IR for PSP/FIELDS measurements of the full trace of power spectral tensor, taken over a 12 h interval at 0.5 AU with local plasma β = 0.53. (a): Log-log plot of PSD versus frequency. The plotted points result from a Haar wavelet analysis of the dataset; they are marked as blue circles in the IR identified here and as grey asterisks outside it. (b): Procedural diagram for the two adjacent scatter plots used to identify the IR and its single best-fit gradient (see text). Breakpoints at the upper and lower end of the IR are identified by locating scale-by-scale increases in the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the exponent using the method outlined in Sect. 2.2, as shown in panels c, d, and e. (c): Spectral exponent and its CI, on the blue pathway labelled (i) beginning at Start and ending at Q in the procedural diagram above. (d): Same as panel c, but for the yellow pathway labelled (ii) beginning at Q and descending to the first blue circle, labelled P. (e): CI for pathway (iv), showing that the ‘1/f’ range continues to the 16th point, labelled T.