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Fig. 4

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Transmission spectra (Tλ,i=Fi(λ˜)/Sout(λ)1${T_{\lambda ,{\rm{i}}}} = {{{{\rm{F}}_{\rm{i}}}\left( {\tilde \lambda } \right)} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{{\rm{F}}_{\rm{i}}}\left( {\tilde \lambda } \right)} {{{\rm{S}}_{{\rm{out}}}}\left( \lambda \right)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {{{\rm{S}}_{{\rm{out}}}}\left( \lambda \right)}} - 1$) shown in tomography in the planetary rest frame in the region of the He I triplet, as a function of wavelength and planetary orbital phase (left). The contact points t1, t2, t3, and t4 are marked with horizontal black lines. The regions affected by OH contamination are masked. Mean-transmission spectrum for each observed transit (right). The horizontal blue line is the white-light radius (Rpl/R)2. The mean transmission spectra have an inverted sign compared to Fi(λ˜)/Sout(λ)1${{{{\rm{F}}_{\rm{i}}}\left( {\tilde \lambda } \right)} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{{\rm{F}}_{\rm{i}}}\left( {\tilde \lambda } \right)} {{{\rm{S}}_{{\rm{out}}}}\left( \lambda \right)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {{{\rm{S}}_{{\rm{out}}}}\left( \lambda \right)}}{\rm{ - }}1$ as the radius is expressed instead of absorption. Black vertical lines indicate the position of the He I lines. Red line marks the spectral regions affected by OH emission. For some planets, some residuals are left at the position of the Si line (~1083 nm). This is due to the depth of the line which can give rise to difficulties in the spectral extraction (see e.g., Krishnamurthy et al. 2023).

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