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Home All issues Volume 674 (June 2023) A&A, 674 (2023) A145 Full HTML
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Table A.1.

Solar energetic electron events measured by MESSENGER.

Solar event CME parameters Shock SEE event
# Date T-III Flare speed width speed CA R Imax_MESS (bg) δ
onset loc [class] (GCS) (3D) MESS MESS 71 to 112 keV e MESS
(UT ± 5 min) (deg) (km s−1) (deg) (km s−1) (deg) (au) (cm2 sr s MeV)−1 (-)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11)
*1 2010/08/14 10:00∧ N17W052 [C4.4] 960 64 1631 -67 0.31 2.5×104 (1.6×104) -
2 2010/08/18 05:35 N17W101 [C4.5] 1634 57 1781 -39 0.31 3.7×104 (1.5×104) -
3 2011/03/07 19:55∧ N30W048 [M3.7] 2250 51 2505 168 0.34 7.5×104 (1.6×104) -1.78±0.13†
4 2011/06/04 06:50 N16W144 [-] 1086 106 1826 -12 0.33 3.1×104 (9.0×103) -2.26±1.14
5 2011/06/04 21:50∧ N16W153 [-] 2200 126 3397 -5 0.33 4.9×107 (2.0×104) -1.94±0.21†
6 2011/08/02 06:25∧ N15W015 [M1.4] 807 90 1114 19 0.46 1.5×103 (2.5×102) -
7 2011/08/04 03:50 N19W036 [M9.3] 1125 88 2572 37 0.46 1.6×103(5.0×102) -
8 2011/09/22 10:40 N09E089 [X1.4] 1300 81 2206 90 0.36 8.1×104 (1.4×104) -1.97 ±0.36†
9 2011/10/04 12:30∧ N26E153 [-] 1358 77 1341 -14 0.42 2.9×105 (1.0×104) -1.88±0.17†
10 2011/10/14 11:00∧ N10E140 [-] 889 74 1166 -23 0.47 2.3×104 (1.2×104) -
11 2011/11/03 22:15 N09E154 [-] 890 76 1210 -74 0.44 1.4×105 (9.0×103) -1.69±0.10†
12 2011/11/09 13:10 N24E035 [M1.1] 1133 45 1446 34 0.42 3.6×104 (1.0×104) -1.96±0.28†
13 2011/11/17 20:15∧ N18E120 [-] 948 106 1254 -71 0.38 5.8×104 (7.1×103) -1.94±0.26†
14 2012/01/02 14:30 N08W104 [C2.4] 1125 83 1443 -34 0.43 2.1×104 (8.1×103) -
15 2012/01/23 03:40 N28W021 [M8.7] 1775 91 2014 -157 0.46 3.4×104 (8.7×103) -1.78±0.36†
16 2012/01/27 18:15 N27W078 [X1.7] 1750 70 2468 -108 0.46 8.7×104 (8.5×103) -1.70±0.19†
17 2012/03/04 11:05 N19E061 [M2.0] 1588 46 1497 -8 0.31 8.4×104 (8.9×103) -2.41±1.29†
18 2012/03/05 03:35 N17E052 [X1.1] 850 72 2231 -2 0.31 1.5×106 (4.1×104) -1.98±0.20†
19 2012/03/07 00:20 N17E027 [X5.4] 2700 71 3303 13 0.31 2.2×107 (1.9×104) -2.02±0.26†
20 2012/05/17 01:30 N11W076 [M5.1] 1458 75 1807 -76 0.35 8.7×104 (2.0×104) -
21 2012/05/26 20:40 N15W116 [-] 1850 55 2665 -75 0.31 1.9×104 (4.0×103) -1.70±0.53
22 2012/05/27 05:10∧ S10E054 [C3.1] 1052 78 958 108 0.31 1.3×105 (2.4×104) -2.56±0.96†
23 2012/07/12 15:45∧ S15W001 [X1.4] 1393 75 1617 4 0.46 1.1×106 (5.5×103) -1.95±0.27†
24 2012/07/17 14:00∧ S20W065 [C9.9] 821 50 1245 59 0.46 1.6×104 (2.8×103) -
25 2012/07/19 05:20 S13W088 [M7.7] 1500 71 1897 79 0.46 2.6×104 (7.1×103) -
26 2012/07/23 02:10∧ S17W132 [-] 1900 116 2520 116 0.45 5.8×104 (9.5×103) -1.90±0.18†
27 2012/07/28 21:05 S25E055 [M6.1] 792 68 1255 -82 0.44 5.4×104 (4.7×103) -2.11±0.42†
28 2012/09/20 14:55 S15E155 [-] 2600 54 3353 -29 0.42 2.0×106 (2.5×104) -1.91±0.21†
29 2012/10/14 00:35 N13E137 [-] 1200 61 1502 -58 0.46 1.9×105 (4.0×103) -1.93±0.15†
30 2013/03/16 05:45 S15W045 [C2.8] 260 61 - -14 0.43 2.7×105 (5.0×104) -1.92±0.45†
31 2013/04/11 07:00 N09E012 [M6.5] 1350 130 1602 -122 0.46 2.2×104 (2.7×103) -
32 2013/04/24 21:40 N10W175 [-] 560 73 1017 38 0.40 3.3×106 (7.6×103) -2.22±0.16†
33 2013/05/13 15:55 N11E085 [X2.8] 2000 84 2308 67 0.31 2.4×104 (6.3×103) -1.80±0.59
34 2013/06/21 02:50∧ S16E073 [M2.9] 1428 60 2303 -67 0.46 5.5×105 (4.7×103) -1.82±0.30†
35 2013/08/19 01:20∧ N10W162 [-] - - - -13 0.32 4.0×104 (1.5×104) -
36 2013/08/19 22:30 N08W178 [M3.3§] 1149 118 1192 -1 0.32 2.9×107 (1.0×104) -1.99±0.25†
37 2013/10/11 07:10 N21E103 [M1.5] 875 160 1267 -56 0.43 1.4×105 (4.6×103) -1.92±0.08†
38 2013/10/25 08:00 S10E073 [X1.7] 500 65 1188 -62 0.36 2.2×105 (1.3×104) -1.85±0.16†
39 2013/10/25 15:00 S06E069 [X2.1] 1225 69 1686 -59 0.36 2.8×105 (5.4×104) -1.89±0.18†
40 2013/10/28 15:10 S08E028 [M4.4] 1400 56 1393 -29 0.34 8.1×105 (2.1×104) -1.97±0.06†
41 2013/11/19 10:25 S15W069 [X1.0] 1138 52 1361 -41 0.34 6.2×104 (5.4×104) -1.93±0.31†
42 2013/11/30 05:10∧ N13W150[-] - - - 2 0.40 1.5×104 (4.9×103) -
43 2013/11/30 15:00∧ S15E146 [-] 830 48 830 65 0.40 1.6×104 (8.2×103) -
44 2013/12/26 03:05 S09E166 [-] 1738 47 1753 -9 0.46 1.1×106 (4.2×103) -2.02±0.38†
45 2014/01/07 18:05 S15W011 [X1.2] 2190 61 2486 145 0.43 3.2×104 (6.1×103) -
46 2014/01/28 00:30∧ S10E081 [C7.6] - - - -8 0.32 5.9×103 (8.1×102) -
47 2014/01/28 05:25∧ S14E088 [C9.3] - - - -16 0.32 2.2×104 (2.7×103) -2.02±1.02†
48 2014/01/30 16:05 S13E058 [M6.6] 1450 66 1367 2 0.31 7.4×104 (7.1×103) -1.82±0.33†
49 2014/02/20 07:50 S15W073 [M3.0] 1103 70 1328 34 0.37 1.3×104 (1.5×103) -
50 2014/02/25 00:45 S12E082 [X4.9] 2350 69 2431 -137 0.40 5.5×104 (1.2×103) -1.91±0.47†
51 2014/03/13 21:40∧ N15W140 [-] 498 23 803 44 0.46 2.3×104 (3.8×103)
52 2014/08/08 16:15 S10W160 [-] 1035 57 1352 -41 0.33 7.3×104 (6.2×103) -1.82±0.21†
53 2014/09/01 11:00 N14E127 [-] 1842 77 2947 -44 0.45 2.9×107 (3.4×103) -1.81±0.03†
54 2014/09/05 06:50 S14E069 [C6.8] 565! 56! NP 6 0.46 8.6×104 (3.9×104) -2.06±0.65
55 2014/09/08 23:55 N12E029 [M4.5] 1120 36 1077 39 0.47 2.6×104 (5.4×103) -
56 2014/09/10 17:30 N14E002 [X1.6] 1580 74 1427 64 0.47 5.6×104 (1.0×104) -1.77±0.16†
57 2014/09/24 20:45 N13E179 [-] 1516 76 1651 -139 0.44 5.3×104 (4.7×103) -2.19±0.13†
58 2014/12/13 14:05∧ S20W143 [-] 2036! 92! 2519! -75 0.46 7.8×106 (3.4×103) -1.92±0.26†
59 2015/02/21 09:30∧ S40W075 [B4.8] 884! 65! 1088! -19 0.44 3.8×104 (3.9×103) -
60 2015/03/24 08:30∧ S01W121 [-] 1371! 106! 2102! -31 0.43 1.2×106 (1.3×104) -1.94±0.24†
61 2015/04/14 09:15∧ S15W100 [B9] 484! 31! NP -119 0.32 1.5×104 (4.5×103) -

Notes. Columns 1 and 2: Event number and date. Column 3: Type III radio burst onset time. Column 4: Flare location in Stonyhurst coordinates and flare class based on GOES Soft X-ray (SXR) peak flux. Column 5: 3D CME speed at the apex based on the GCS analysis. Column 6: 3D CME width at the equatorial plane based on the GCS reconstructed CME parameters, as in Dumbović et al. (2019). Column 7: Maximum speed of the 3D CME-driven shock at the apex based on the ellipsoid model (Kwon et al. 2014). Column 8: Longitudinal separation between the flare location and the footpoint of the magnetic field line connecting to MESSENGER, based on a 400 km s−1 Parker spiral (positive connection angle (CA) denotes a flare source located at the western side of the spacecraft magnetic footpoint). Column 9: MESSENGER radial distance from the Sun. Column 10: 71 -112 keV electron peak intensity measured by MESSENGER. The pre-event background level is shown in parenthesis. Column 11: Spectral index of peak intensities based on 71 keV to 1 MeV energies. * in Col. 1: Widespread SEP event, namely when MESSENGER |CA| or |CA difference| with near 1 au spacecraft is ≥80°. ∧ in Col. 3: Type III radio burst onset time is uncertain because of occultation or multiple radio emission at the same time as the onset of the event. § in Col. 4: The GOES intensity level is deduced from the STEREO/EUVI light curve as explained in Rodríguez-García et al. (2021). NP in Cols. 5-7: not possible to reconstruct. ! in Cols. 5-7: CME and CME-driven shock reconstructions using only LASCO and SDO data. † in Col. 11: Presence of ∼1 MeV electrons.

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