Posteriors retrieved for the 4 – 18.5 µm, R = 50, LIFESIM S/N = 10 Venus-twin spectrum (opaque H₂SO₄ clouds) for different forward models (see Sect. 2.3.2). Here, L(·) abbreviates log₁₀(·). We include the planetary equilibrium temperature T_eq and the Bond albedo A_B, which we derived from the posteriors (see Appendix B). Dashed black lines indicate the true values (see Table 1). For Species^cloud, the true value is the H₂SO₄ mass fraction in the Venus-twin model. Solid green area – opaque H₂SO₄ clouds; thin-blue outlined area – transparent H₂SO₄ clouds; orange-hatched area – opaque H₂O clouds; thick-yellow outlined area – cloud-free.