Open Access

Table 1.

Estimation of Gm (km3 s−2) for the moons.

Simulation Atlas Prometheus Pandora Epimetheus Janus
Cassini 3.6639E−4 ± 9.7E−7 1.06602E−2 ± 3.5E−6 9.0579E−3 ± 4.7E−6 3.50806E−2 ± 3.0E−6 0.126403 ± 1.1E−5
Cassini (with Mimas’ 3.6639E−4 ± 9.7E−7 1.06602E−2 ± 3.5E−6 9.0579E−3 ± 4.7E−6 3.50806E−2 ± 3.0E−6 0.126403 ± 1.1E−5
c20, c22)
Cassini (with nutations 3.6823E−4 ± 9.7E−7 1.06589E−2 ± 3.5E−6 9.0513E−3 ± 4.7E−6 3.50805E−2 ± 3.0E−6 0.126402 ± 1.1E−5
from sat427)

Cassini (orientation from 3.6679E−4 ± 9.7E−7 1.06576E−2 ± 3.5E−6 9.0524E−3 ± 4.7E−6 3.50782E−2 ± 3.0E−6 0.126395 ± 1.1E−5
French et al. 2017)
Cassini (former Cassini 3.6624E−4 ± 9.6E−7 1.06586E−2 ± 3.5E−6 9.0567E−3 ± 4.6E−6 3.50794E−2 ± 3.0E−6 0.126398 ± 1.1E−5
orbit files)
Cassini (sat427 eph. 3.6639E−4 ± 9.7E−7 1.06583E−2 ± 3.5E−6 9.0548E−3 ± 4.6E−6 3.50806E−2 ± 3.0E−6 0.126403 ± 1.1E−5
for main moons)
Cassini (3rd/4th 3.6654E−4 ± 9.6E−7 1.06584E−2 ± 3.5E−6 9.0540E−3 ± 4.6E−6 3.50802E−2 ± 3.0E−6 0.126401 ± 1.1E−5
order harmonics)

Global Gm solutions 3.664E−4 ± 2.8E−6 1.06602E−2 ± 4.8E−6 9.058E−3 ± 1.1E−5 3.50806E−2 ± 5.4E−6 0.126403 ± 1.9E−5
Volume 13 950 ± 50 327 740 ± 1710 268 990 ± 860 843 290 ± 2000 2 953 010 ± 950

Density 0.3935 ± 0.0033 0.4873 ± 0.0026 0.5045 ± 0.0017 0.6233 ± 0.0015 0.6413 ± 0.0002
Density from 0.412±0.019 0.460±0.021 0.509±0.012 0.625±0.008 0.642±0.010
Thomas & Helfenstein (2020)
Density from 0.389±0.041 0.477±0.025 0.485±0.032 0.637±0.031 0.627±0.011
Lainey et al. (2019)

Notes. Volume is given in km3 and density is given in g cm−3. The uncertainties of the volumes and densities are formally derived from the propagation of uncertainties of the SH deduced by Rambaux et al. (2022) using the limb data and DTM provided by Thomas & Helfenstein (2020). Deviations from the actual volume and density of objects may still be present, implying potentially larger uncertainties than shown here.

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