Schematic diagrams of normalized 𝒬 − 𝒰 loops of the full models (for i = 20°, a_* = 0) with the radial, toroidal, and vertical magnetic field configurations in the left, middle, and right panels, respectively. The loop color encodes the model LP. The inner loop surface S₁ (in pink) and rest of surface (excluding S₁) enclosed by the entire 𝒬 − 𝒰 loop structure is denoted by S₂ (in yellow). The total surface is S = S₁ + S₂, surface fraction is , and time spent in the inner loop with respect to the total period is (similar to Wielgus et al. 2022b). The “+” symbol marks the normalized 𝒬 − 𝒰 value of the static background emission. All shown loops are traversed in the counterclockwise direction.