Imaging data in COSMOS. The background image shows the UltraVISTA H-band weight map, where the vertical dark grey stripes represent the UltraVISTA ultra-deep stripes. The red dashed line indicates the Spitzer/IRAC [3.6] coverage of the SPLASH survey, the blue dashed line represents the ultra-deep region of the HSC images, and the green dot-dashed line corresponds to CANDELS. The filled circles indicate our gold sample (see Sect. 4.1). Open symbols indicate sources for which we cannot exclude a low redshift or star solution based on template fitting, or because of a low S/N detection in one HSC band.