Comparison of kinetic-temperature estimates. The frames show (a) true density-weighted and LOS-averaged kinetic temperature in the 3D model, (b) estimates from ideal NH₃ observations, (c) estimates from synthetic ngVLA observations, and (d) correlations of (blue contours) and (red contours) against . In frame d, the plot includes pixels N(H₂) > 5 × 10²² cm⁻² (corresponding to the cyan contour in frames a-c), and the contours are drawn at 20, 50, and 80% of the maximum value. All data are shown at 3″ resolution.