Signal injection on RV data and planet retrieval. In both panels, the CARMENES+MAROON-X and CARMENES+MAROON-X+HARPS+HIRES data sets are plotted with dark and light colours, respectively. Left: GLS periodogram of the RV residuals of the lpl model (blue). Horizontal lines of different thicknesses mark the 0.1%, 1%, and 10% false alarm probabilities, from top to bottom, while the red vertical line marks the orbital period of Gl 486 b. Compare with panels A-H of Fig. S4 of Trifonov et al. (2021). Right: Detection limits on minimum mass following Bonfils et al. (2013) for the RV data of Gl 486 before (grey) and after (green) subtracting the lpl model. Any planet above the green lines is excluded with 99.9% confidence. The blue dashed line is the minimum mass corresponding to a semi-amplitude of 1.22 m s⁻¹ . The red vertical line indicates the approximate time baseline of the CARMENES+MAROON-X RV data set at about 2000 days.