Variation in solar differential rotation and activity in the period 1964–2016 determined by the Kanzelhöhe data set

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Volume 663 (July 2022)

A&A, 663 (2022) A24

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Table 2.

Statistical results of the weighted least-square fits of the dependence of the DR parameters, derived by KSO DS data, and solar activity for SCs 20–24 (rows 1–5) and for different binning techniques.

Solar cycles approach (Sect. 3.1)

Row	Cycle no.	Time period	Slope A	N	r	p
1	20 ^(b)	1964.8–1976.3 ^(a)	−0.0012 ± 0.0005	12	−0.59	0.04
2	21 ^(b)	1976.3–1986.7 ^(a)	0.0008 ± 0.0004	11	0.49	0.12
3	22 ^(b)	1986.7–1996.4 ^(a)	0.0001 ± 0.0004	11	0.08	0.81
4	23 ^(b)	1996.4–2008.9 ^(a)	−0.0001 ± 0.0003	13	−0.07	0.81
5	24 ^(b)	2008.9–2016.3 ^(a)	−0.0002 ± 0.0008	9	−0.09	0.80

Solar cycle phase related approach (Sect. 3.2)

Row	Binning	Time period	Slope A	N	r	p

6	Yearly ^(b)	1964–2016	0.0002 ± 0.0002	53	0.14	0.31
7	200 velocities/bin ^(c)	1964–2016	0.0003 ± 0.0002	161	0.11	0.16
8	20 bins per cycle ^(d)	1964–2016	0.0002 ± 0.0002	90	0.12	0.26
9	40 bins per cycle ^(e)	1964–2016	0.0002 ± 0.0002	180	0.10	0.18

Row	Binning	Time period	Slope B	N	r	p

10	Yearly ^(b)	1964–2016	−0.0012 ± 0.0019	40	−0.11	0.52
11	200 velocities/bin ^(c)	1964–2016	−0.0026 ± 0.0018	161	−0.12	0.13
12	20 bins per cycle ^(d)	1964–2016	−0.0023 ± 0.0016	90	−0.15	0.17
13	40 bins per cycle ^(e)	1964–2016	−0.0025 ± 0.0017	180	−0.11	0.14

Notes. N is the number of dots; slope A (slope B) is the slope of the linear fit; r is Pearson’s correlation coefficient; and p is the corresponding p-value.

^(a)

The starting and ending epochs of the corresponding SCs are taken from Brajša et al. (2009), except for the beginning of SC 24, which was taken from SILSO World Data Center (2015), Royal Observatory of Belgium, Brussels (SILSO World Data Center 2015).

^(b)

Bin size covers one year.

^(c)

Bin size covers different time intervals, but includes 200 sidereal velocities by which the DR parameters are calculated.

^(d)

20 bins per SC (except for SC 24: 10 bins): bins cover the same parts of the SCs, with a different number of velocities by which the DR parameters are calculated.

^(e)

40 bins per SC (except for SC 24: 20 bins): bins cover the same parts of the SCs, with a different number of velocities by which the DR parameters are calculated.

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