Bias b_ηη, which is defined as the ratio of the observed count rate η to the true count rate , from the simulation and the best-fit model (middle and left panels, respectively). These are presented as a function of true cluster mass M₅₀₀ at each redshift, color coded according to In (b_η). A clear gradient depending on both mass and redshift is seen. The best-fit model, as described in Eq. (40), provides a good description of the simulation, as suggested by their difference as shown in the right panel.