OCB latitude with respect to the IMF orientation and |B_IMF| calculated inthe North Hemisphere (a) DS (0° longitude) and (b) NS (180° longitude), South Hemisphere (c) DS and (d) NS. Fixed P_d = 1.2 nPa and T_sw = 1.8 × 10⁵ K. The dashed horizontal lines indicate the K_p index. The yellow star indicates the OCB latitude if |B_IMF| = 0. IMF direction: Sun–Earth (black star), Earth–Sun (red circle), northward (blue diamond), southward (green triangle), and ecliptic ctr-clockwise (cyan pentagon).