Table 1.
Observations and limits on the CR ionization rate and the spectral slope of low-energy CRs.
| Cloud name | Coordinates RA-Dec (J2000) | d Distance to cloud (pc) | NH2 H2 column density (cm−2) | texp Exposure time (min) | I(1 − 0)S(0) (1 − 0)S(0) surface brightness (erg cm−2 s−1 sr−1) | ζ-pagination Ionization rate – analytic (s−1) | ζ-pagination Ionization rate – numeric (s−1) | α-pagination Low-energy spectral slope of CR protons |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G150 | 04:25:04.0 +54:56:57.1 | 170 | 8.9 × 1021 | 211 | ≤8.3 × 10−8 | ≤2.3 × 10−16 | ≤2.1 × 10−16 | ≥ − 0.87 |
| G150 (pos. 2) | 04:14:41.8 +55:11:18.3 | 170 | 5.9 × 1021 | 181 | ≤1.2 × 10−7 | ≤4.4 × 10−16 | ≤3.6 × 10−16 | ≥ − 0.97 |
| G157 | 04:01:39.8 +41:12:20.0 | 450 | 9.9 × 1021 | 181 | ≤6.9 × 10−8 | ≤1.8 × 10−16 | ≤1.7 × 10−16 | ≥ − 0.82 |
| G157 (pos. 2) | 04:01:38.5 +41:04:03.8 | 450 | 8.0 × 1021 | 191 | ≤5.9 × 10−8 | ≤1.8 × 10−16 | ≤1.7 × 10−16 | ≥ − 0.80 |
| G163 | 4:25:22.2 +37:09:51.6 | 450 | 1.1 × 1022 | 181 | ≤6.4 × 10−8 | ≤1.5 × 10−16 | ≤1.5 × 10−16 | ≥ − 0.79 |
| G198 | 05:52:18.5 +08:22:45.8 | 445 | 6.8 × 1021 | 186 | – | – | – | – |
Notes. (1) The cloud names are abbreviations of the full designations used in the GCC survey (Juvela et al. 2012): G150.47+3.93, G157.08−8.69, G163.82−8.44, G198.58−9.10, respectively. (2) The coordinates correspond to the slit center position. (3) Distances adopted from Juvela et al. (2012, Table 1). (4) H2 columns are based on AK dust extinction measurements using the NICEST method (Lombardi 2009) (http://interstellarclouds.fisica.unimi.it/html/index.html), assuming a standard extinction curve (Draine 2011), and averaged along the slit. (5) Exposure times are the integrated on-source exposures. (6,7,8) The upper limits are based on the 3σ noise level at the (1–0)S(0) line wavelength, after applying an additional factor of two multiplicative factor to account for uncertainties in the flux calibration. (9) The corresponding lower limits on the low energy spectral slope of interstellar CR protons.
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