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Table 1.

Parameter settings of the chi-squared simulations.

# Model name Opacity (a) A2 Abundance tacc(b) Composition fovershoot
table [Myr] of accreted
material (c)
[Optimized non-accreting models]
1 noacc S – AGSS09 – – variable
2 noacc-GS98 S – GS98 – – variable
3 noacc-noov S – AGSS09 – – 0
4 noacc-GS98-noov S – GS98 – – 0
[Optimization with time-dependent Yacc (He-poor accretion)]
5 He12Myr S – AGSS09 12 Y variable
6 He20Myr S – AGSS09 20 Y variable
[Optimization with time-dependent Zacc (pebble wave and planet formation)]
7 MZvar S – AGSS09 10 Z variable
8 MZvar-noov S – AGSS09 10 Z 0
[Optimization with opacity enhancement and homogeneous Zacc and Yacc]
9 K2 K2 [0, 0.22] AGSS09 10 H variable
10 K23 K23 [0, 0.22] AGSS09 10 H variable
11 K23′ 0.10 AGSS09 10 H variable
12 K2′ K2 0.12/0.15/0.18 AGSS09 3/5/10 H 0/0.01/0.025
[Optimization with opacity enhancement and time-dependent Zacc]
13 K2-MZvar K2 0.12/0.15/0.18 AGSS09 10 Z variable
14 K23-MZvar K23 0.12/0.15/0.18 AGSS09 10 Z variable
15 K2-MZ K2 0.12 AGSS09 5 Z′ 0.01
16 K2-MZ1′/MZ8′ K2 0.12/0.15/0.18 AGSS09 3/5/10 Z′ 0/0.01/0.025

Notes.

(a)

S: Standard (i.e., no modification to the opacity). K2: Enhanced opacity (κ) using Gaussian functions with A1 = A3 = 0 and A2 fixed to a value between 0 and 0.22 (see Sect. 3.1.5). K23: Same as K2 but A3 varies in the simplex method. : A2 = 0.10 (fixed) and A3 is fixed to either 0.05 or −0.05.

(b)

Accretion timescale (see Sect. 3.1.2).

(c)

H: homogeneous composition with time (i.e., Yacc = Yproto and Zacc = Zproto). Y: He-poor accretion. Z: Time-dependent Zacc (see Sect. 3.1.6). Z′: M1, M2, and ΔZacc are fixed (see Table 4).

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