Detection maps of H₂O (left) and CO (right) for clear atmospheres as a function of mass fraction X_mol and effective temperature T_{eff, pT} of the planet. The symbols represent measurements for other directly imaged companions (see left panel inset). The thick solid lines separate the region with S∕N > 5 from regions with S∕N < 5, i.e., they represent the molecular detection limit as a function of planet temperature. The dashed, dotted, and thin solid lines represent the molecular detection limits for different cloud configurations based on Mollière et al. (2020), as described in the main text (P_b = 10⁻³ bar is not shown). The temperature of PDS70 b ranges between 1200 and 1400 K (Stolker et al. 2020a; Wang et al. 2021). The effectivetemperature of β Pic b is well constrained as T_eff = 1742 ± 16 K (Gravity Collaboration 2020) and the arrow in its symbol indicates that it is higher than the maximum T_{eff, pT} considered here and should not be interpreted as a lower limit.