Top left panel compares the total time to form the protoplanetary core with the pebble isolation mass (orange, τ_peb) with the Kelvin-Helmholtz gas accretion timescale for the PIM core (blue, τ_KH). The right panel shows the planetary mass growth at different times starting from 10⁻⁴ M_E in Disc 5. The solid green line shows the PIM, while the dotted green line represents the core masses at 100 Myr (i.e. at the end of the simulations) for the cores not reaching PIMs. The orange line shows the final total mass. Here, the effects of the snow line are ignored. The bottom left panel shows the corresponding pebble accretion efficiencies by Ida et al. (2016) at different times as a core grows from 10⁻⁴ M_E.