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This article has an erratum: [https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202140711e]

Table 1.

Solar activity cycles as reconstructed here from annually resolved 14C.

n Ymin Ymax ⟨SN⟩ T q Comments n Ymin Ymax ⟨SN⟩ T q Comments
1 976 981 88 ± 59 12 4 44 1457 1468 −5 ± 22 8 0 Spörer minimum
2 988 992 77 ± 39 9 3 994 AD event 45 1465 1469 −8 ± 21 9 0 Spörer minimum
3 997 1002 82 ± 40 11 5 46 1474 1478 −0 ± 20 15 0 Spörer minimum
4 1008 1013 33 ± 33 12 5 47 1489 1494 3 ± 20 10 0 Spörer minimum
5 1020 1026 10 ± 26 10 5 48 1499 1504 −1 ± 22 11 0 Spörer minimum
6 1030 1035 3 ± 23 10 3 49 1510 1514 0 ± 20 15 0 Spörer minimum
7 1040 1045 5 ± 16 8 1 1043–1048 gap 50 1525 1529 −6 ± 20 8 0 Spörer minimum
8 1048 1053 33 ± 29 9 2 1052 AD event 51 1533 1536 5 ± 23 9 1
9 1057 1063 12 ± 26 8 2 52 1542 1545 11 ± 25 10 2
10 1065 1070 35 ± 33 9 4 53 1552 1555 21 ± 28 13 2 Distorted cycle( * )
11 1074 1080 62 ± 41 9 0 54 1565 1570 9 ± 26 9 1
12 1083 1087 55 ± 39 10 0 Distorted cycle( * ) 55 1574 1578 44 ± 37 10 2
13 1093 1099 64 ± 46 16 0 Distorted cycle( * ) 56 1584 1591 34 ± 41 11 4
14 1109 1119 54 ± 34 16 1 57 1595 1601 62 ± 46 14 4
15 1125 1137 115 ± 59 17 1 58 1609 1615 14 ± 32 11 4
16 1142 1148 46 ± 45 11 5 59 1620 1626 13 ± 28 12 4
17 1153 1158 14 ± 28 10 5 60 1632 1638 1 ± 23 9 0
18 1163 1169 49 ± 42 13 4 61 1641 1646 6 ± 22 9 0 Maunder minimum
19 1176 1184 49 ± 45 12 3 62 1650 1655 −1 ± 22 8 0 Maunder minimum
20 1188 1193 106 ± 59 11 4 63 1658 1663 −2 ± 21 10 0 Maunder minimum
21 1199 1205 54 ± 38 11 5 64 1668 1673 −6 ± 21 10 0 Maunder minimum
22 1210 1214 28 ± 36 9 3 65 1678 1682 13 ± 23 8 0 Maunder minimum
23 1219 1225 10 ± 26 13 2 66 1686 1691 −7 ± 24 10 0 Maunder minimum
24 1232 1237 68 ± 55 9 4 67 1696 1701 −4 ± 21 13 0 Maunder minimum
25 1241 1246 58 ± 47 10 4 68 1709 1715 −9 ± 19 8 0 Maunder minimum
26 1251 1256 46 ± 49 11 3 69 1717 1723 35 ± 36 16 0 Distorted cycle( * )
27 1262 1271 24 ± 39 13 1 70 1733 1739 71 ± 47 12 4
28 1275 1279 20 ± 40 12 2 1279 AD event 71 1745 1749 6 ± 25 9 1
29 1287 1291 17 ± 39 10 3 72 1754 1759 64 ± 48 9 4 SC1( † )
30 1297 1301 −5 ± 22 10 0 Wolf minimum 73 1763 1766 51±43 9 2 SC2( † )
31 1307 1313 7 ± 21 11 0 Wolf minimum 74 1772 1778 134±54 11 3 SC3( † )
32 1318 1320 −7 ± 20 8 0 Wolf minimum 75 1783 1789 115±55 12 2 SC4( † )
33 1326 1334 7 ± 22 14 0 Wolf minimum 76 1795 1801 14±27 11 4 SC5( † )
34 1340 1344 16 ± 37 11 0 77 1806 1815 5 ± 28 14 2 SC6( † )
35 1351 1357 108 ± 77 12 3 78 1820 1825 37 ± 44 9 4 SC7( † )
36 1363 1369 114 ± 65 12 3 79 1829 1833 114 ± 57 10 4 SC8( † )
37 1375 1381 35 ± 39 11 4 80 1839 1844 54 ± 40 8 2 SC9( † )
38 1386 1391 −4 ± 21 9 2 81 1847 1852 72 ± 47 9 4 SC10( † )
39 1395 1400 8 ± 24 10 2 82 1856 1861 91 ± 50 9 4 SC11( † )
40 1405 1418 7 ± 23 17 0 Spörer minimum 83 1865 1872 73±42 13 3 SC12( † )
41 1422 1435 −3 ± 24 10 0 Spörer minimum 84 1878 1883 24±29 10 3 SC13( † )
42 1432 1436 −5 ± 26 10 0 Spörer minimum 85 1888 1894 23±32 12 4 SC14( † )
43 1442 1453 −9 ± 25 15 0 Spörer minimum
±

Notes. The columns are as follows: internal cycle number n, years of minimum Ymin and maximum Ymax of each cycle, and the corresponding cycle-averaged SN ⟨SN⟩ with 1σ uncertainties, cycle length (min-to-min) T in years, quality flag q, and comments. Periods of deep grand minima, when solar cyclic activity drops below the sunspot formation level, are marked in italics. The digital version of this table is available via the CDS.

( * )Transition from grand minimum to normal activity modes.

( † )Standard Schwabe cycles ( https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/solar/solardataservices.html ).

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