Fig. 2.

Time variability of the virtual axial dipole moment (VADM) as presented in archeomagnetic models considered here, U16 (Usoskin et al. 2016), COV-ARCH (Hellio & Gillet 2018), pfm9k.1b (Nilsson et al. 2014), and SHA (Pavón-Carrasco et al. 2014).
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