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Table 3

Range of possible eccentricities for the four outer planets of TRAPPIST-1 from Grimm et al. (2018), the corresponding dissipated energy and tidal heat fluxes for the low iron scenario for a multi-layer planet and for the homogeneous model with averaged values for shear modulus and viscosity from Fig. 9 (see Table 1 for the parameters of the planets).

Multi-layer model Homogeneous model Layer-averaged model



Planet Eccentricity Dissipation Tidal heat flux Dissipation Tidal heat flux Dissipation Tidal heat flux
(TW) (W m−2) (TW) (W m−2) (TW) (W m−2)
T-1e 4.52 × 10−3 9.3e0 2.2e-2 6.4e3 1.5e1 9.5e0 2.3e-2
5.10 × 10−3 1.2e1 2.8e-2 8.2e3 1.9e1 1.2e1 2.9e-2
5.68 × 10−3 1.5e1 3.5e-2 1.0e4 2.4e1 1.5e1 3.6e-2

T-1f 9.39 × 10−3 1.4e1 2.5e-2 6.5e3 1.3e-1 1.5e1 2.6e-2
1.01 × 10−2 1.6e1 2.9e-2 7.5e3 2.4e-1 1.7e1 3.0e-2
1.08 × 10−2 1.8e1 3.3e-2 8.6e3 4.0e-1 1.9e1 3.4e-2

T-1g 1.50 × 10−3 3.3e-1 5.0e-4 8.6e1 1.3e-1 3.6e-1 5.3e-4
2.08 × 10−3 6.4e-1 9.6e-4 1.6e2 2.4e-1 6.9e-1 1.0e-3
2.66 × 10−3 1.1e0 1.6e-3 2.7e2 4.0e-1 1.1e0 1.7e-3

T-1h 4.46 × 10−3 1.9e-2 6.3e-5 6.6e0 2.2e-2 2.0e-2 6.4e-5
5.67 × 10−3 3.1e-2 1.0e-4 1.1e1 3.5e-2 3.2e-2 1.0e-4
6.88 × 10−3 4.6e-2 1.5e-4 1.6e1 5.2e-2 4.7e-2 1.5e-4

Notes. To facilitate the comparison, we recall that Earth dissipates a total energy of 43–46 TW and Io between 60 and 170 TW (see main text).

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