Comparison of background T (left) and β (right) estimates from BeeP and GNILC. The colour of the points indicates the object’s Galactic latitude, with grey lines being 1 σ error bars and the dashed black lines showing equality. Top row: sources inside the PCCS2+2E Galactic mask, i.e., regions with strong dust emission. Middle row: sources in the PCCS2 set, i.e., high-Galactic-latitude, dust-poor regions. Bottom row: same sources as the top row (i.e., inside the PCCS2+2E Galactic mask), but this time their T–β distribution. BeeP distribution contours are shown in blue ([68, 95, 99]%) and GNILC in red.