Upper panel: log(R_e)−​log(M^*) plane. GCs are shown as magenta dots, dwarfs as green stars, normal ETGs as gray dots, BCGs as black dots, and clusters as blue dots. Each colored line indicates the average zero point of the systems calculated from Eqs. (1) and (5) with the values of k_v, M^*/L, and σ. The solid black line is obtained for the sample of galaxies and clusters taken together. All the lines have the slope 1 predicted for virialized systems. Lower panel: log(⟨I⟩_e)−​log(R_e) plane. The same color-coding is adopted. Here the slope of the lines is −1.