Table 2.
COBE, WMAP, LFI, HFI, and combined Planck measurements of the Solar dipole.
| Galactic coordinates |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Experiment | Amplitude [μKCMB] | l [deg] | b [deg] |
| COBE (a)....... | 3358 ± 24 | 264.31 ± 0.20 | 48.05 ± 0.11 |
| WMAP (b)....... | 3355 ± 8 | 263.99 ± 0.14 | 48.26 ± 0.03 |
| Planck 2015 nominal (c)....... | 3364.5 ± 2.0 | 264.00 ± 0.03 | 48.24 ± 0.02 |
| LFI 2018 (d)....... | 3364.4 ± 3.1 | 263.998 ± 0.051 | 48.265 ± 0.015 |
| HFI 2018 (d)....... | 3362.08 ± 0.99 | 264.021 ± 0.011 | 48.253 ± 0.005 |
| Planck 2018(e)....... | 3362.08 ± 0.99 | 264.021 ± 0.011 | 48.253 ± 0.005 |
Notes. The uncertainties are dominated by systematic effects, whose assessment is discussed in Planck Collaboration II (2020) and Planck Collaboration III (2020).
Kogut et al. (1993), Lineweaver et al. (1996); we have added statistical and systematic uncertainty estimates linearly.
The 2015 Planck “nominal” Solar dipole was chosen as a plausible combination of the LFI and HFI 2015 measurements to subtract the dipole from the 2018 frequency maps. The difference compared with the final determination of the dipole is very small for most purposes.
Uncertainties include an estimate of systematic errors. In the case of HFI, we have added statistical and systematic errors linearly.
The current best Planck determination of the dipole is that of HFI (Planck Collaboration III 2020). The central value for the direction corresponds to 
, 
(J2000). The uncertainties are the (linear) sum of the statistical and systematic uncertainties detailed in Planck Collaboration III (2020). The uncertainty on the amplitude does not include the 0.02% uncertainty on the temperature of the CMB monopole.
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.