PACO versus PACO ASDI: impact of learning background structures at a single wavelength (PACO, first row) or jointly from all the wavelengths (PACO ASDI, second row). Single-wavelength detection maps S/N_ℓ are shown for PACO ASDI. The differences between the 2 lines are related to the estimation of the covariance matrices C and the scaling parameters σ. The combination of those maps leads to a single detection map, not shown here, with improved sensitivity (see text and Fig. 8).