Distribution of Z_Te discrepancies for individual HII regions (as defined in Sect. 5.2.4) when using each of the six literature T_e(OIII)–T_e(OII) relations considered (red histograms). The distribution for our new semi-direct method (dark grey historgram) when corrected for the observed O⁺⁺/O⁺ bias (Eq. (12)) is also shown in each panel. The mean of each distribution is shown as a vertical dashed line.