Fig. 1.

Differential abundance pattern of LS V+22 25 with respect to the cosmic abundance standard by Nieva & Przybilla (2012) in terms of fractional particle numbers (upper panel) and mass fractions (lower panel). Solar abundances by Asplund et al. (2009) are used for Al, S, and Ar because cosmic abundances are not available for these elements. The error bars are the square roots of the quadratic sums of all given individual 1σ uncertainties. The gray-shaded area marks elements whose abundances show signatures of hydrogen burning via the CNO bi-cycle. To get rid of this effect, the invariant sum of the bi-cycle-catalysts C, N, and O (“CNO”) is also plotted. The abundance pattern of metals heavier than oxygen is nonstandard as well.
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