Ceres’ partial differentiation: undifferentiated crust mixing with a water-rich mantle

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Volume 633 (January 2020)

A&A, 633 (2020) A117

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Table 1

Conditions and parameters assumed for the accretion scenarios suggested for Ceres from previous studies (Dodson-Robinson et al. 2009; Walsh et al. 2012; McKinnon 2012).

Conditions/variables	Asteroid belt	Inter-planet disk	Kuiper belt
Accretion timescale	Short, <5 Myr		Long, 7−100 Myr
	⇒ surface-to-volume ratio during the accretion
T_init, T_amb	≈170 K	≈110 K	≈50 K
Dust/ice ratio	3:1		3:1 down to 1:1
Short-lived radioisotopes	High concentration, facilitate		Low concentration
²⁶Al, ⁶⁰Fe	early differentiation		(high ice content, late accretion),
			rather negligible
Long-lived radioisotopes	Insignificant		Facilitate
⁴⁰K, ²³²Th, ²³⁵U, ²³⁸U	for the differentiation		late differentiation
Evolution anticipated	Rapid heating, early differentiation		Slow heating, slow and late
	possible loss of water		differentiation, water retained

Notes. Due to a similar accretion time scale, formation in the asteroid belt is expected to lead to a similar outcome, as in the case of the formation inthe inter-planet disk.

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