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Fig. 10

image

Temperature profiles in the top 50 km of Ceres (blue, red, and pink) compared with the eutectic temperatures of various salt solutions and pure water ice (black) and with the depth of craters with floor faculae (e.g., Ikapati, Occator, Haulani, Dantu, Urvara) derived from the shape model. The thermal models show that ammonia dihydrate solutions can be mobile up to shallow depths of < 2 km, and some salt solutions (Ca(ClO4)2, Mg(ClO4)2) up to depths of <10 km while water remains confined to a deeper interior. This combination of the thermal models with the shape model indicates that cryovolcanism is a likely and expected process on Ceres. The eutectic temperatures are given at a pressure of 1 atm. We note that Ceres’ subsurface pressure of ≈100 atm. at 20 km depth may further reduce the melting temperature of various ice-salt mixtures.

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