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Fig. 7.

image

acc vs. M distribution for stars in our sample, where acc is calculated from the measured continuum excess luminosity for all objects (filled dots) except TWA 40 and J1247−3816 (empty dots). Smaller red dots mark the locations of TWA 31 (upper point) and TWA 22 (lower point). Green vertical lines connect multiple acc measurements for the same objects. The shaded gray area traces the estimated chromospheric noise limit for acc detection, as a function of stellar mass, for stars aged between 3 and 10 Myr on Baraffe et al.’s (2015) isochrone grid. The dash-dot cyan line traces the bimodal accM relationship derived by Manara et al. (2017a) in the Chamaeleon I star-forming region, with a break at M ∼ 0.29 M. The solid magenta line traces the bimodal relationship derived in Alcalá et al. (2017) in Lupus, assuming a break at M = 0.2 M. Double arrows mark the 10th–90th percentile range in acc covered by the Lupus (magenta) and Chamaeleon I (cyan) populations as a function of mass. The dotted blue line traces a linear fit to the datapoints, which accounts for objects dominated by chromospheric emission (labeled on the diagram) as upper limits.

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