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Table 2

Examples of work function and ionization potentials (≤13.6 eV).

Solid/species Work function/IP (eV)
(MgSiO3)3 9.2
(FeSiO3)3 8.6
(Mg2SiO4)4 7.6
(FeOH)4 5.5
(MgOH)4 5.0
Water ice 8.7

H/H+ 13.6
Cl/Cl+ 11.48
C/C+ 11.26
S/S+ 10.36
Si/Si+ 8.1517
Fe/Fe+ 7.90
Mg/Mg+ 7.646
Na/Na+ 5.139
K/K+ 4.341

NH/NH+ 13.47
H2O/H2O+ 12.6
NH2/NH 11.09
NH3/NH 10.2
HCO/HCO+ 8.14
H3O/H3O+ 4.95
NH4/NH 4.73

Neutral silicate grain 8.0 (assumed)
Charged grain (Zd = −1, 1 μm) 2.7
Charged grain (Zd = 1, 1 μm) 8.002

References. NIST database (Linstrom & Mallard 2005).

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