Fig. 2

Temporal evolution of the total torque exerted on the protoplanet (Mp = 3 M⊕) by the κconst-disk (dashed bluecurve) and the κBL-disk (solid black curve). For t ≤ 30 Porb, the protoplanet is not accreting. Its accretion and the respective heating are activated for t > 30 Porb, as also highlighted by a yellow background. While the blue curve evolves as expected, i.e. gains a positive boost when the accretion heating is initiated (Benítez-Llambay et al. 2015), the black curve does not converge and instead exhibits strong oscillations between positive and negative values. The red horizontal dotted line shows the mean value of the oscillating black curve and demonstrates that the heating torque makes the total torque more negative in this case.
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