Convergence power spectra for ΛCDM and various MG models. Left panel: f(R) models with f_R0 = ( − 10⁻⁴, −10⁻⁵, −10⁻⁶) and without neutrinos. Compared to ΛCDM, each MG model exhibits more lensing power, where the difference increases with the magnitude of f_R0. The discrepancy is most pronounced on smaller scales for f₅(R) and f₆(R) but shifts towards larger scales for f₄(R). Right panel: f₅(R) models with varying neutrino mass sums. Neutrinos have the effect of suppressing structure growth across all scales, which is seen in the damping of the f₅(R) curve with increasing m_ν. In particular, the combination of parameters (f_R0, m_ν) = (10⁻⁵, 0.15 eV) reproduces ΛCDM in terms of second-order statistics to within 8% over three decades in scale. The convergent behaviour of the curves near ℓ = 10⁵ reflects the resolution limit of our maps and particle noise that affects all of the models.