Dominance of outflowing electric currents on decaparsec to kiloparsec scales in extragalactic jets

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Table 1

Transverse RM gradients on decaparsec to kiloparsec scales.

No.	Object	z	RM gradient	Projected distance	Instrument	References^†
	name		direction	from core (pc)	and frequencies
(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)

Firm Gradients, Significances ≥ 3σ

1	0716+714	0.127	CCW^*	3–35	VLBA, 4.6−15 GHz	Mahmud et al. ( 2013 )
					1.4−1.7 GHz	Healy (2013)
2	0923+392	0.695	CCW^*	20	VLBA, 4.6−15 GHz	Gabuzda et al. ( 2014b )
3	5C4.114 (N)	>0.023 ^a	CCW	>2000	VLA, 1.4−4.9 GHz	Bonafede et al. (2010);
						Gabuzda et al. ( 2015b )
4	5C4.114 (S)	> 0.023 ^a	CCW	> 1500	VLA, 1.4−4.9 GHz	Bonafede et al. (2010);
						Gabuzda et al. ( 2015b )
5	A2142A	0.091	CCW	to ≃ 10 000	VLA, 4.5−8.5 GHz	Govoni et al. (2010); this paper
6	1652+398	0.034	CCW	20	VLBA, 8.4−1.7 GHz	Croke et al. ( 2010 )
7	1749+701	0.77	CCW^*	75–100	VLBA, 1.4−1.7 GHz	Mahmud et al. ( 2013 )
8	3C 380	0.692	CCW	70–210	VLBA, 1.4−5.0 GHz	Gabuzda et al. ( 2014a )
9	2037+511	1.687	CCW^*	40	VLBA, 4.6−15 GHz	Gabuzda et al. ( 2014b )

Tentative Gradients

1	0156−252	2.09	CCW	4000	VLA, 1.4−8.5 GHz	Athreya et al. (1998)
2	3C 120	0.033	CCW	25–80	VLBA, 1.4−1.7 GHz	Coughlan et al. (2010); this paper
3	M 87	0.004	CCW	60, 960, 1400	VLA, 8−43 GHz	Algaba et al. (2013)
4	5C4.152	... ^a	CCW	15′′	VLA, 4.5−8.3 GHz	Bonafede et al. (2010); this paper
5	Cen A	0.0018	CCW	130 000	ATCA, 1.3−1.5 MHz	Feain et al. (2009); this paper
6	3C 303	0.141	CCW	20 000	VLA, 1.4−8.5 GHz	Kronberg et al. (2011)
7	3C 465	0.0313	CCW	40 000–100,000	VLA, 4.5−8.9 GHz	Eilek & Owen (2002)

Notes.

^(†)

References in bold indicate papers that present quantitative analyses of the statistical significance of the corresponding RM gradients.

^(*)

RM gradients in the CW direction are present closer to the jet base.

^(a)

Exact redshift not available.

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