Fig. 2

A) Overpressure of the hot, ionized interior (yellow) will cause the bubble to expand inside the natal cloud, sweeping up neutral gas in a dense shell (blue) (Spitzer 1978). If the expansion is supersonic, a shock front forms on the neutral side of the shell (dashed line). B) If the ionized gas contains a density gradient and/or the bubble is punctured, a flow of ionized gas will stream towards lower density and ultimately into the surrounding ISM, relieving the bubble from its pressure (Tenorio-Tagle 1979). C) Dust is dragged along in an ionized flow, where “upstream” dust approaching the ionizing source will be heated and halted by radiation pressure, resulting in a dust wave or bow wave (Ochsendorf et al. 2014; and see Sects. 3.2 and 4), which can be traced at mid-infrared wavelengths (red).
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.