The metals-to-dust ratio to very low metallicities using GRB and QSO absorbers; extremely rapid dust formation

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Volume 560 (December 2013)

A&A, 560 (2013) A26

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Table 1

Basic data used to estimate metals-to-dust ratio.

GRB	log N_H i	log N_X	X	A _V	z	Reference
	cm^-2	cm^-2		mag

000926	21.30 ± 0.21	13.82 ± 0.05	Zn	0.38 ± 0.05	2.038	Chen et al. (2007), Starling et al. (2007)
030226	20.50 ± 0.30	<12.70	Zn	0.05 ± 0.01	1.987	Shin et al. (2006), Schady et al. (2011)
050401	22.60 ± 0.30	14.30 ± 0.30	Zn	0.65 ± 0.04	2.899	Watson et al. (2006), Zafar et al. (2011a)
050505	22.05 ± 0.10	>16.10	S	0.30 ± 0.1	4.275	Berger et al. (2006), Hurkett et al. (2006)
050730	22.15 ± 0.06	15.34 ± 0.10	S	0.12 ± 0.02	3.969	Chen et al. (2005b), Zafar et al. (2011a)
050820A	21.05 ± 0.10	13.28 ± 0.04	Zn	0.27 ± 0.04	2.612	Ledoux et al. (2009), Schady et al. (2012)
050904	21.62 ± 0.02	15.14 ± 0.17	S	<0.05	6.295	Thöne et al. (2013), Zafar et al. (2010, 2011b)
050922C	21.55 ± 0.10	14.92 ± 0.05	S	<0.24	2.198	Schady et al. (2012)
060206	20.85 ± 0.10	15.13 ± 0.05	S	<0.23	4.048	Thöne et al. (2008), Schady et al. (2012)
060526	20.00 ± 0.15	14.58 ± 0.25	S	<0.39	3.221	Thöne et al. (2010), Schady et al. (2011)
061121	···	13.76 ± 0.06	Zn	0.55 ± 0.10	1.315	Schady et al. (2012)
070506	22.00 ± 0.30	>13.68	Zn	0.44 ± 0.05	2.308	Fynbo et al. (2009), Zafar et al. (2011a)
070802	21.50 ± 0.20	13.60 ± 0.60	Zn	1.19 ± 0.15	2.455	Elíasdóttir et al. (2009), Zafar et al. (2011a)
071031	22.15 ± 0.05	13.05 ± 0.03	Zn	<0.07	2.692	Ledoux et al. (2009), Zafar et al. (2011a)
080210	21.90 ± 0.10	13.53 ± 0.14	Zn	0.33 ± 0.03	2.641	De Cia et al. (2011), Zafar et al. (2011a)
080319C	···	13.64 ± 0.60	Zn	0.67 ± 0.07	1.949	Perley et al. (2009)
080413A	21.85 ± 0.15	12.88 ± 0.07	Zn	<0.59	2.433	Ledoux et al. (2009), Schady et al. (2011)
080413B	···	13.57 ± 0.15	Zn	0.84 ± 0.16	1.101	Schady et al. (2012)
080605	···	13.54 ± 0.30	Zn	0.50 ± 0.13	1.640	Zafar et al. (2012)
080607	22.70 ± 0.15	>16.34	S		3.037	Prochaska et al. (2009), Zafar et al. (2011a)
080905B	<22.15	13.52 ± 0.13	Zn	0.42 ± 0.03	2.374	Fynbo et al. (2009), Zafar et al. (2011a)
081008	21.11 ± 0.10	13.15 ± 0.04	Zn	≈0.19	1.968	D’Elia et al. (2011)
090323	19.62 ± 0.33	15.41 ± 0.04	S	0.10 ± 0.04	3.577	Savaglio et al. (2012), Schady et al. (2011)
090926A	21.60 ± 0.07	14.89 ± 0.10	S	<0.03	2.107	D’Elia et al. (2010)
100219A	21.14 ± 0.15	15.25 ± 0.15	S	0.13 ± 0.05	4.667	Thöne et al. (2013)

QSO	log N_H i	log N_X	X	A _V	z	Ref.

0013+0004	20.80 ± 0.01	12.25 ± 0.05	Zn	<0.10	2.025	Vladilo et al. (2006)
0016-0012	20.83 ± 0.05	12.82 ± 0.04	Zn		1.973	Vladilo et al. (2006)
0121+0027	···	>13.32	Zn		1.388	Vladilo et al. (2006)
0816+1446	22.00 ± 0.10	13.53 ± 0.01	Zn	<0.50	3.287	Guimarães et al. (2012)
0918+1636	20.96 ± 0.05	13.40 ± 0.01	Zn	≈0.21	2.580	Fynbo et al. (2011)
0938+4128	20.52 ± 0.10	12.25 ± 0.05	Zn	<0.20	1.373	Vladilo et al. (2006)
0948+4323	21.62 ± 0.06	13.15 ± 0.01	Zn	<0.31	1.233	Vladilo et al. (2006)
1010+0003	21.52 ± 0.07	13.15 ± 0.06	Zn	<0.13	1.265	Vladilo et al. (2006)
1107+0048	20.98 ± 0.15	13.03 ± 0.05	Zn	<0.26	0.741	Vladilo et al. (2006)
1157+6135	21.80 ± 0.20	≈13.80	Zn	0.92 ± 0.07	2.459	Wang et al. (2012)
1159+0112	21.80 ± 0.10	13.09 ± 0.08	Zn		1.944	Vladilo et al. (2006)
1232-0224	20.75 ± 0.07	12.93 ± 0.12	Zn	<0.32	0.395	Vladilo et al. (2006)
1237+0647	20.00 ± 0.15	13.02 ± 0.02	Zn	0.15 ± 0.03	2.690	Noterdaeme et al. (2010)
1323-0021	20.21 ± 0.20	13.43 ± 0.05	Zn		0.716	Vladilo et al. (2006)
1501+0019	20.85 ± 0.05	13.10 ± 0.05	Zn	<0.16	1.483	Vladilo et al. (2006)
2234+0000	20.56 ± 0.10	12.46 ± 0.02	Zn	<0.25	2.066	Vladilo et al. (2006)
2340-0053	···	12.62 ± 0.05	Zn		1.360	Vladilo et al. (2006)

Lensed QSO	log N_H i	log N_X	X-ray	A _V ^a	z	Ref.

SBS 0909+523	···		X-ray	0.99 ± 0.03	0.830	Dai & Kochanek (2009)
B 1152+199	···		X-ray	3.72 ± 0.16	0.439	Dai & Kochanek (2009)
MG 0414+0534	···		X-ray	0.56 ± 0.34	0.958	Dai & Kochanek (2009)
B 1600+434	···		X-ray	0.31 ± 0.09	0.410	Dai & Kochanek (2009)
PKS 1830-211	···		X-ray	9.30 ± 0.40	0.886	Dai & Kochanek (2009)
Q 2237+0305	···		X-ray	0.34 ± 0.09	0.040	Dai & Kochanek (2009)

Notes. The details are provided in columns as (1) GRB name; (2) log N_H i; (3) metal column densities; (4) reference element either X=Zn or S or soft X-ray; (5) optical extinction; (6) redshift; and (7) references. 2σ upper limits are provided for A_V non-detections.

^(a)

For R_V = 3.1.

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