Table 1
Summary of Saturn’s trace gas mole fractions derived from Herschel/SPIRE.
| Gas | Detection? | Well mixed 3σ | Stratospheric 3σ | Notes |
|
|
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| PH3 | Y | Cutoff at p < 100 mbar | Absent at p < 15 mbar. | |
| PH3 | f = 0.32 ± 0.02 at 100 < p < 550 mbar | - | ||
| PH3 |  ppm at p > 570 mbar |
- | Consistent with Cassini | |
|
|
||||
| NH3 | Y |  ppb at p = 660 mbar |
– | Possible supersaturation |
|
|
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| CH4 | Y | (4.3 ± 0.3) × 10-3 | – | 41.9 cm-1, Using lines from Wishnow et al. (2007) |
| CH4 | Y | (4.8 ± 0.3) × 10-3 | – | 41.9 cm-1, Using lines from Boudon et al. (2010) |
|
|
||||
| H2O | M | – |  at 0.5 mbar |
36.6 cm-1, scaling model of Moses et al. (2000b) |
| H2O | M | – |  at 0.5 mbar |
38.8 cm-1, scaling model of Moses et al. (2000b) |
|
|
||||
| CO | N | 7.4 × 10-9 | 3.6 × 10-5 | 23 cm-1, Worse than previous upper limits |
| HF | N | 8.3 × 10-12 | 2.1 × 10-9 | 41.1 cm-1, Consistent with Cassini |
| HCl | N | 3.8 × 10-11 | 1.3 × 10-7 | 20.9 cm-1, Consistent with Cassini |
| HBr | N | 1.1 × 10-10 | 1.2 × 10-8 | 33.4 cm-1, Consistent with Cassini |
| HI | N | 3.0 × 10-10 | 2.6 × 10-8 | 25.7 cm-1, Improvement over Teanby et al. (2006) |
| HCN | N | 1.6 × 10-11 | 2.2 × 10-8 | Improvement over Weisstein & Serabyn (1996) |
| HCP | N | 3.3 × 10-9 | 1.0 × 10-5 | Improvement over Weisstein & Serabyn (1996) |
| CS | N | 8.9 × 10-11 | 2.5 × 10-7 | First upper limit, 21.2 cm-1 |
| SO2 | N | 2.5 × 10-10 | 1.7 × 10-7 | First upper limit |
| H2S | N | 3.6 × 10-10 | 2.3 × 10-7 | Improvement over Weisstein & Serabyn (1996) |
| CH3Cl | N | 2.5 × 10-10 | 1.2 × 10-7 | First upper limit |
| CH3OH | N | 3.0 × 10-10 | 1.1 × 10-7 | First upper limit |
| H2CO | N | 6.5 × 10-11 | 5.6 × 10-8 | First upper limit, 21 cm-1 |
Notes. 3σ upper limits are provided for both the well-mixed and stratosphere-only cases (i.e., restricting the species to the 1-mbar level and above). f is the fractional scale height for PH3. The detections are listed as “Y” for positive detections, “M” for marginal detections, and “N” for gases where only upper limits are derived.
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